Simcoe District was established in 1843 by the Legislature of Upper Canada. Today, the Corporation of the County of Simcoe is comprised of 16 towns and townships. It has an estimated population of over 530,000 people and is the largest county in Ontario based on population and third-largest based on physical size. It is located 90 minutes north of Toronto, surrounded by the counties of Dufferin, York and Grey and the District of Muskoka. It is bordered on two sides by water (Georgian Bay and Lake Simcoe), making it a recreational playground in all seasons.
Simcoe County's history is deeply intertwined with its geography and the people who have called it home. Long before European settlement, the region was inhabited by Indigenous groups, such as the Huron-Wendat, who established vibrant communities and traded extensively with neighbouring nations. Archaeological evidence points to their sophisticated way of life — with longhouses, agriculture and social organization shaping the region.
In the early 1600s, French explorers like Samuel de Champlain established contact with the Huron-Wendat. This marked the beginning of significant changes, as European trade networks and missionary activities, including the work of the Jesuits, began to influence the area.
By the late 18th century, Simcoe County became pivotal in British colonial expansion. Named after John Graves Simcoe, the first Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada, the county was part of his vision for strategic settlement and defence. The establishment of Yonge Street (connecting Toronto to Lake Simcoe) and the Penetanguishene Road improved access and trade in the region.
Throughout the 19th century, Simcoe County's fertile lands attracted settlers, making it a cornerstone for agriculture. With the advent of the railway in the mid-1800s, towns like Barrie and Orillia flourished, becoming key economic and cultural centres. Industries such as lumber, grain, and shipbuilding further contributed to its growth.
Today, Simcoe County balances its historical roots with modern development. It's a hub for tourism, with landmarks like Sainte-Marie among the Hurons
— an immersive historical site — and the scenic beauty of Georgian Bay. The county continues to celebrate its Indigenous and settler heritage through museums, festivals and preservation efforts.